Some of the key differences between C and C++:

Object-Oriented Programming:

C++ supports object-oriented programming, while C does not. This means that C++ allows the use of classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism, making it a more flexible and powerful language for building large-scale software systems.

Syntax:

C++ is an extension of C, so they share a similar syntax, but C++ has additional keywords, such as 'class', 'new', and 'delete', and it uses the scope resolution operator '::'. C++, being an object-oriented language, has many additional features that are not present in C, such as templates and operator overloading.

Standard Library:

C++ has a more extensive standard library than C. The C++ standard library includes a wide range of classes and functions for common tasks, such as I/O, string manipulation, and containers like vectors and maps.

Memory Management:

C++ provides more advanced memory management features than C. In C++, you can use automatic memory management via destructors, garbage collection via smart pointers, and manual memory management using new and delete operators. C, on the other hand, only provides manual memory management.

Portability:

C code is usually more portable than C++ code, mainly because C++ relies on a larger runtime library, which may not be available on all platforms. C, being a simpler language, has fewer dependencies and can be more easily ported to various platforms.

Paradigm:

C is a procedural programming language that focuses on the sequential execution of instructions, with functions as the primary unit of modularization.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language that emphasizes the organization of code into classes, which encapsulate data and behavior.

Syntax:

C has a relatively simple and concise syntax, with a limited set of keywords and operators.

C++ extends the syntax of C with additional keywords such as class, virtual, new, delete, and inline, as well as operators like ::, ., ->, and ::*.

Memory Management:

C provides manual memory management using malloc, calloc, realloc, and free functions.

C++ provides the same manual memory management features as C, as well as automatic memory management using destructors, and smart pointers like unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr.

Standard Library:

C provides a small standard library that includes functions for I/O, string manipulation, math, and memory management.

C++ provides a much larger standard library that includes classes and functions for I/O, string manipulation, containers like vectors and maps, algorithms, concurrency, and many other features.

Inheritance:

C does not support inheritance, as it does not have the concept of classes.

C++ supports inheritance, allowing you to define new classes based on existing ones.

Polymorphism:

C does not support polymorphism, as it does not have the concept of classes or virtual functions.

C++ supports polymorphism through the use of virtual functions, which can be overridden in derived classes.

Encapsulation:

C does not support encapsulation, as it does not have the concept of classes or access control.

C++ supports encapsulation through the use of classes, which can have private, protected, and public members.

Exception Handling:

C does not provide built-in support for exception handling, although some libraries may provide their own exception mechanisms.

C++ provides built-in support for exception handling through try, catch, and throw statements.

Operator Overloading:

C does not support operator overloading, as it does not have the concept of classes or overloaded operators.

C++ supports operator overloading, allowing you to define the behavior of operators like +, -, *, /, and = for custom types.

Function Overloading:

C does not support function overloading, as it does not have the concept of classes or function overloading.

C++ supports function overloading, allowing you to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

Templates:

C does not support templates, as it does not have the concept of classes or generic programming.

C++ supports templates, allowing you to define generic classes and functions that can work with different data types.

Namespaces:

C does not support namespaces, as it does not have the concept of classes or namespaces.

C++ supports namespaces, allowing you to group related classes and functions into named namespaces.

Compatibility with C code:

C code can be compiled as-is with a C compiler, and many C functions and libraries can be used in C++ code.

C++ code may need to be modified to work with a C compiler, as C++ features like classes and templates may not be supported.

Portability:

Both C and C++ are considered highly portable languages, with compilers and toolchains available for a wide range of platforms and architectures. However, C++ may be less portable in some cases due to its larger runtime library and more complex syntax.